Blogs

XMSS Merkle trees

XMSS turns many one-time WOTS keys into one many-time verifying key: a Merkle tree, a leaf index, and an authentication path.

FORS hash forests

FORS is a few-time hash-based signature: a forest of Merkle trees, parameterized by k and a, stepped through in the browser.

Why WOTS is one-time

Sign two real messages with the same WOTS key and watch an observer forge others from the leaked chain nodes.

WOTS hash chains

An interactive look at real SHRINCS WOTS-TW hash chains, with step-by-step signing traces in the browser.

Source code to pdf

A small command-line recipe for turning source trees into highlighted PDF documents.

Secure Machine Learning

An overview of how secure multiparty computation and privacy techniques can be applied to machine learning systems.

Oblivious Transfer

A practical introduction to oblivious transfer through a privacy-preserving weather application.

Absolute Security with No Trust

A discussion of information-theoretic security and the practical trade-offs behind absolute security claims.